Chuck.



. l. LAVOIE.

CHUCK.

Y APPucATIoN man Aue.16. me.

1 ,236,453 Patented Aug. 14, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2l 'UNITE ALIPHONSE JOSEPH LAVOIE, OF MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

CHUCK.

Application iled August 16, 1916.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALPHONSE JOSEPH Lavoir, subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of 6 Lafontaine street, in

the city of Montreal, Province of Quebec,- Dominion of Canada, have invented certain. j new and useful Improvements in Chucks, of

which the following is the specification.

The invention relates to improvements in chucks as described in the present specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings that form part of the same.

'Ihe invention consists essentially in the novel means employed fordirectly engaging the piece of work and operating said means by expansile iuidi The objects of the invention lare to sim- Y plify the construction of pneumatically operated chucks and thereby cheapen the production of the attachment and facilitate the repairing and the cleaning of the parts, to increase the output of a machine, to furnish parts that may readily be attached to old and new machines generally to provide a chuck cheap to manufacture and durable in its construction.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal mid-sectional view, showing a piece of work engaged by the clamping jaws.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal ysectional view of the air chamberzand connection at end of lathe.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modification ofthe invention.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a similar form to that illustrated in Fig. 3 and its arrangement with a piece of work inserted.

Like numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in each ligure.

Referring to the drawings, 1 .is the aiicylinder formed ofthe back wall 2 having the central recess 3, the air inlet 4 in the lcenter and the screw holesl 5 Vby means of which it is attached to a plate atv the head of the lathe. 6 is the sidewall of the cylinder extending from the back wall 1 and having the drain hole 7 The piston 8 operates in the' cylinder 1 and is formed to receive the cup leatherpacking 9 at the edge thereof and the piston follower 10 in said packing, these being Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 14, 1491"?.

Serial No. 115,219.

secured by the cap screws 11. The outer face of the piston 8 is formed with the spring recesses 12 and the flanges 13, and secured to the-latter by the screws 14 are the clamping jaws 15, which in their open positions are spaced one from the other and are adapted to close in on pressureand fill or partly fill in the intervening spaces and -grip the work, said jaws on the outer sides being tapered outwardly on the outer surfaces only.

The chuck casing 16 is held to the cylinder end by the screws 17 and its wall is inwardly tapered from the outer end on the inner surface only, corresponding with and opposing the taper of the clamping jaws 15, consequently when the said jaws are moved outwardly, the surfaces of the jaws oppose lthe sur-face of the chuck casing and the former are drawn together. f

The springs 18 are contained within the recesses 12 and abut at one end the piston 8 and at the other end a flange of the chuck casing 16 and exert a constant outward pressure on said chuck casing and consequently a constant inward pressure on the piston 8, thereby insuring the .return of the latter after each operation.

The outer surface of the chuck casing 16 may turn in a bearing, if required, as shown in dotted lines, and it may be turned with the cylinder by gear mechanism, also dotted, though this device illustrated is particularly applicable to direct application to the head, but changes in constructive details are likely to occur for different applications, and this Will not affect the invention as patented so long as they are within the scope of the claims for novelty.

The cylinder 1 and chuck casing 16 are preferably provided with cleaning openings 19 beyond the piston 8, so as to avoid the collection of dust and dirt.

The air feed pipe 20 extends to the inlet 4 and is secured to the back wall 2 and passes through the shaft of the head stock of a lathe or forms the shaft itself. At the end of the lathe the pipe 2O is secured to a hollow spindle 21 having a flange 22 at its inner end turning behind the bushing 23, ,in which said spindle 2l is journaled, said bushing being inserted into the bearing end 24 ofthe air chamber casingl 25, the latter having an air inlet 26 from which the feed air pipe 27 leads to a supply of compressed air. f

` The grease cup 28, having a threaded hollow stem 29, is mounted on the upper side of the bearing end 24' and said stem 29 is inserted in a correspondingly threaded orice situated between the inner end of the bushing and spindle flange.

The cup leather packing 30 is placed against the face of the flange 21 and is held thereagainst by the helical spring 31 between it and the opposing wall of the air chamber.

In Fig. 3 the chuck casing 32 is'inwardly flanged at its outer end 33 and said flange extends into the jaws 34, which engage a piece of Work as shown. The jaws 34 have rearwardly inclined surfaces 35 on their outer sides and terminate at their extreme rear ends in the inwardly turned flanges 36.

The separate ring base` 37 is annularly grooved at 38 to receive the flanges 36 and is cushioned against the piston 39 by the spring 40, for returning said piston, a length of spring 41 engages also at the back of the flanges 36 the said jaws 34 in asuitable groove and holds the flanges Securely but resiliently in the groove 38. The wedges 42 between the inclined walls 35' and the chuck casing 32 are rigidly supported by the extensions 43, which are rigid with the piston 39 or integral therewith, therefore any movement outwardly or inwardly of said piston tightens or loosens th'e jaws on the piece of work as the case may be.

The form illustrated in Fig. 3 is adapted to be screwed to the spindle and has the air inlet 43 into the cylinder 45, but it may be secured in any suitable way. v

. In Fig. 4 the piston 46 vis returned by the springs 46 inserted in the recesses 47 formed in the chuck casing 48, the latter otherwise is formed similarly to the casing 32 and enu gages like jaws 49.

The jaws 49 at their rear ends engage a ring base 50 abutting the outersurface of the piston 46, said base 50 having a central v threaded priice 51 in which is screw threaded the mandrel 52, said mandrel having at its outer end the pin 53 screw threaded thereinto for adjusting its length to 'the piece of .work as distinctly shown in said Fig. 4.

Otherwise this form is not materially different from those already described and maybe secured to the machine by cap screws as by arrangement shown or in any .suitable way.

l In the operation of this invention, thework, here represented by a shell, is placedwithin the clamping jaws in a suitable position for working and then the air 1s turned on Vthrough the feed pipe, frompwhich it reaches the air chamber and flows on throngh the spindle and air pipe vto the cylinder.

The air reaching the cylinder instantaneously eects the operation of the piston against the spring pressure mentioned inv .the foregoing and this results in moving the clamping jaws forwardly as they are attached to said pistoni The forward movement of the clamping -jaWs brings the surfaces of their tapering portions into contact with the. opposing in- `ner wall of the chuck and as said chuck wall is rigid the jaws are immediately forcedin on the work, gripping it tightly and effectively.

At the release of the air pressure the pis` ton is moved backwardly in the cylinder'by the springs, as already explained, and the grip of the jaws thus loosened. It will be thus seen that the work can be handled very expeditiously and as the principal parts of the device are exposed, there is little fear of accident stoppage or loss `of time fromv other cause, besides the air is in direct contact with the -gripping parts and therefore its use must be more efficacious than. air operated chucks already known. I

The operation of the invention as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 is only different in the manner of effecting pressure on the gripping jaws and as these areshown as being separate from the piston, naturally there must be the additional parts in the form of wedges rigid with the piston and guided along the inner wall of the chuck casing against the inclined surfaces of the acal jaws by means of which the work is he The supportof the reversed piece of work by the mandrel forming one of the parts of the jaw mechanism is both plainly illus-` trated and described and nceds'no further mention here, except to say it forms a very efficient and compact mechanism, especially in the art of manufacturing shells used for war munitions, though it is-very useful in many kinds of work done on lathes and like machines, and in taking the invention generally and not in one or other form particularly it will readily be understood that it is really a general purpose chuck.

The invention is of course more useful on `lathes than other machines and in the dei 1. In a chuck, 'a housing in two parts secured togetherby bolts and having a common axis, the outer part being of reduced size and forming a grip-casing and the inner part forming a cylinder adapted to Vbe secured directly to the machine spindle head and having a central air inlet, a piston operatln'g in .said cylinder, gripping members closing in on thework on the forward thrust of said piston and automatir cally returnable therewith and a feedpipe extending through the machinev in alinement with said spindle.

2. In a chuck, a housing in two parts secured together by bolts, and having a common axis, the outer part being of reduced size and forming a grip casing and the inner part forming a cylinder adapted to be secured directly to the machine spindle head and having a central air inlet and a piston spring-held to its inward position and4 having outwardly 'projecting' pieces therefrom engaging the wall of said casing.

3. In a chuck, a housing in two parts secured together by bolts and having a common axis, the outer part being of reduced size and forming a grip casing and the inner part forming a cylinder adapted to be secured directly to the machine spindle head and having a central air inlet, a hollow shaft extending through the machine parts and-forming a feed pipe to said cylinder, a piston operating in said cylinder,

and gripping members adapted to close in on' the work on the forward` thrust of said piston.

4. Ina chuck, ahousing in two parts securedvtogether lby bolts and having a common axis, the" outer part being ofreduced size and forming a grip casing and the inner part forming a cylinder adapted lto be secured directly to the machine spindle head and having a central air inlet, a hollow shaft extending through the machine parts, an air chamber casing having an air inlet and outlet, a feed pipe connected to said inlet,

a member projecting from said casing and size and forming a grip casing and the in' n er part forming a cylinder adapted to be secured directly to the machine spindle head and having, a, central air inlet, a hollow shaft extending through the machine. parts ,fand forming a feed passage to-said cyllnder, an air chamber A'casing having an a1r inlet and air outlet, a feed pipe connected to said inlet, a sleeve journaled in sald au casing and secured to said hollow shaft, a

piston operating in said cylinder and gripping members' operated by' the forward thrust of said piston. Y

6. In a chuck, a cylinder longltudmally stationary and rotating with the machine member and having a central air inlet through the end thereof, a hollow shaft extending through the machine' parts to said inlet, an air chamber casing having an air inlet and an air outlet and a lubricating passage through the upper side, a bushing extending inwardly from the inlet opening and rigidly secured, a flanged sleeve journaled in said bushing and secured to said shaft and having its ange extend to the casing wall beyond said bushing in proximity to said lubricating passage, a cup leather packing engaging the casing wall and said sleeve flange, a helical spring engaging said packing and the end wall of the caslng, a feed pipe to said inlet, an oil cup secured in said passage, a casing secured to said cylinder, a piston operating in said cylinder 'and gripping members closing in on the work on the forward thrust of said piston.

7,-In a chuck, a housing in two parts secured together by bolts andhaving a common axis, the outer part beingof reduced size and forming a grip casing and the inner part forming a cylinder adapted to be secured directly to the machine spindle-head' and having 4a central air inlet, a piston"operating in said cylinder and spring-held to its idle position, clamping jaws connected with said piston and operated on the forward thrust of said piston and closed in through contact with said casing, and a hollow shaftextendc ing through the machine parts and forming a passage for the flow of air into said cylinder behind said piston.

8. In a chuck, a housing in two parts secured together by bolts and having a com mon axis, the outer part being of reduced size and forming a grip casing and the in- 105 ner part forming a cylinder adapted to be secured directly to the machine spindle head and having a central air inlet, a hollow shaft forming the feed passage to` saidcylinder and extending through the machine parts, 110 a piston operating in said cylinder and spring-held toits inner position and clamping'jaws having beveled surfaces and engaged by projections from said piston and closed in on the forward thrust of said piston. I

9. In a chuck, a cylinder rigidly secured to the spindle head and having an air inlet,

Aa -hollow shaft extending throughthe machine parts and leading to said inlet', a cas- 120 inlet, a hollow shaft extending through the machine parts and leading to said inlet, a justng pinl screw threaded thereto at the piston in said cylinder directly in front of -outer end thereof. said inlet, a casing forming a guide and Signed at Montreal, QuebeqCanada, this rigidly secured t0 said cylinder, clamping 4th day of August 1916.

l5 jaws operated by Jche forward thrust of said ALPHONSE JOS-EPH LAVOIE.

'piston and supporting a base carried out- Wtnessesz Wardly by said piston and a mandrel serew V. J. FETHERSTONHAUGH, v threaded intoV said base and having an ad- GEORGE P. QUILLIAN. 

